Reuse - Recycle - Recharge - Reduce
जल प्रबंधन को ध्यान देने की आवश्यकता है: सामान्य नागरिक से लेकर प्रशासन तक। With rising population and uncertainties in weather patterns, water management needs a critical attention from everybody: ordinary citizen to the government. We all need to do our bit to address this concern and make the water available to all.
Can we imagine the side effects of poor management of rainwater? It leads to destruction of road, inconvenience to travellers besides loss of invaluable life-saving and life-giving water!
शहरी घरों में पानी बर्बाद होने के तरीकों में से एक: हम सभी डिस्चार्ज पानी को एक छोटे टैंक में स्टोर कर सकते हैं और इसका इस्तेमाल बर्तन साफ करने और कच्ची सब्जियों की सफाई करने के लिए भी कर सकते हैं। One of the way water is wasted in urban households is through discharge from RO-based water purifiers. We all can store the discharge water in a small tank and use it for cleaning utensils and even pre-cleaning of raw vegetables.
References from Web
Refer this page for similar information about a Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system. comprehensive guide on the rainwater collection system.
Change in design on new houses to accomodate for Rainwater Harvesting
There should separate waterlines and overhead tanks for kitchen/baths and toilet flushes. A provision for separate storage and supply of water for toilet flush shall enable the use of 100% recycled water for this purpose. रसोईघर/स्नानघर और टॉयलेट फ्लश के लिए अलग पानी की नली और छत के ऊपर टैंक होना चाहिए। टॉयलेट फ्लश के लिए अलग भंडारण और पानी की आपूर्ति का प्रावधान इस उद्देश्य के लिए 100% पुनर्नवीनीकृत पानी के उपयोग को सक्षम करेगा।Area of Roof - छत का क्षेत्रफल: यह जमीन पर परियोजना क्षेत्र (लंबाई x चौड़ाई) को संदर्भित करता है और वास्तविक सतह के क्षेत्रफल को नहीं। - This refers to the project area (length x width) on the ground and not the actual surface area.
औसत वार्षिक वर्षा या वर्षा राशि (वर्षा की दर) - Mean Annual Rainfall or Precipitation Amount (Rate of Rainfall): यह प्रति यूनिट अनुमानित क्षेत्र में औसत बारिश है। - This is the average rain per unit projected area.
Run-off Factor or Run-off Coefficient:आमतौर पर यह उम्मीद की जाती है कि छतों पर गिरने वाले वर्षा जल का 100% एकत्र नहीं किया जा सकता है। - It is generally expected that 100% of rainwater falling on roofs cannot be collected. यह ड्रेन पाइप सिस्टम या बरसाती में अपरिहार्य छोटे रिसावों के कारण होता है - This is due to unavoidable small leakages in the gutter downpipe system or rainfalls which are too light to produce sufficient runoff or यह अत्यधिक बारिश के समय में अतिप्रवाह के कारण है - possible overflow in the case of an extreme downpour. For this reason, it is assumed that only 80~90% of the rainwater can be collected and referred as Run-Off Factor.
जलग्रह - Catchment: The catchment of a water harvesting system is the surface which directly receives the rainfall and provides water to the system. It can be a paved area like a terrace or courtyard of a building or open areas like a lawn or ground. जलग्रहण क्षेत्र वर्षा के संपर्क का पहला बिंदु है। टैंक-आधारित वर्षा जल संचयन प्रणाली के विशाल बहुमत के लिए, जलग्रहण क्षेत्र छत की सतह है। - The catchment area is the first point of contact for rainfall. For the vast majority of tank-based rainwater harvesting systems, the catchment area is the roof surface.
जलाशय - Reservoir: The final storage of rainwater for long-term use!
टंकी - Cistern: The local or temporary storage of water!
संग्रह गटर - Collection Gutter: पाइप की प्रणाली जो छत से गिरने वाले पानी को सिस्टर्न में स्थानांतरित करने के लिए उपयोग की जाती है। - The system of pipes and bends to transfer water falling from roof to the Cistern.
छत की ऊँचाई - Height of Roof: यह निस्पंदन से पहले छत के सबसे निचले बिंदु और पानी के भंडारण टैंक के बीच की ऊर्ध्वाधर दूरी है। - It is the vertical distance between the lowest point of the roof and the water storage tank before filtration.
Coarse mesh - मोटा /खुरदरा जाली: Installed at the roof to prevent the passage of debris.
Filter - छन्नी: A filter is used to remove suspended pollutants such as debris and dirt (silt and clay) from rainwater collected over roof. A filter unit is a chamber filled with filtering media such as fibre, coarse sand and gravel layers clean water before it enters the storage tank or recharge structure. Charcoal is added for additional filtration.
Reference: wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in
नीचे दी गई तालिका जलाशय की व्यास और ऊंचाई को जलाशय की क्षमता को पूरा करने के लिए एक संदर्भ देती है। निर्माण की ऊँचाई को सामान्यतः नाममात्र व्यास से 10 ~ 20% अधिक माना जाता है। - The table below gives a ready reference to chose a diameter and height of the reservoir to meet a capacity of the reservoir. Construction height is normally assumed 10~20% higher than the nomial diameter.
व्यास - Diameter | भरने की ऊँचाई - Nominal Filling Height [m] | ||||||||
[cm] | [in] | [ft] | 1.00 | 1.25 | 1.50 | 1.75 | 2.00 | 2.25 | 2.50 |
100 | 39 | 3.28 | 7,854 | 9,817 | 11,781 | 13,744 | 15,708 | 17,671 | 19,635 |
125 | 49 | 4.10 | 12,272 | 15,340 | 18,408 | 21,476 | 24,544 | 27,612 | 30,680 |
150 | 59 | 4.92 | 17,671 | 22,089 | 26,507 | 30,925 | 35,343 | 39,761 | 44,179 |
175 | 69 | 5.74 | 24,053 | 30,066 | 36,079 | 42,092 | 48,106 | 54,119 | 60,132 |
200 | 79 | 6.56 | 31,416 | 39,270 | 47,124 | 54,978 | 62,832 | 70,686 | 78,540 |
225 | 89 | 7.38 | 39,761 | 49,701 | 59,641 | 69,581 | 79,522 | 89,462 | 99,402 |
250 | 98 | 8.20 | 49,087 | 61,359 | 73,631 | 85,903 | 98,175 | 1,10,447 | 1,22,718 |
275 | 108 | 9.02 | 59,396 | 74,245 | 89,094 | 1,03,943 | 1,18,791 | 1,33,640 | 1,48,489 |
300 | 118 | 9.84 | 70,686 | 88,357 | 1,06,029 | 1,23,700 | 1,41,372 | 1,59,043 | 1,76,715 |
325 | 128 | 10.7 | 82,958 | 1,03,697 | 1,24,437 | 1,45,176 | 1,65,915 | 1,86,655 | 2,07,394 |
350 | 138 | 11.5 | 96,211 | 1,20,264 | 1,44,317 | 1,68,370 | 1,92,423 | 2,16,475 | 2,40,528 |
375 | 148 | 12.3 | 1,10,447 | 1,38,058 | 1,65,670 | 1,93,282 | 2,20,893 | 2,48,505 | 2,76,117 |
400 | 157 | 13.1 | 1,25,664 | 1,57,080 | 1,88,496 | 2,19,911 | 2,51,327 | 2,82,743 | 3,14,159 |
425 | 167 | 13.9 | 1,41,863 | 1,77,328 | 2,12,794 | 2,48,259 | 2,83,725 | 3,19,191 | 3,54,656 |
450 | 177 | 14.8 | 1,59,043 | 1,98,804 | 2,38,565 | 2,78,325 | 3,18,086 | 3,57,847 | 3,97,608 |
475 | 187 | 15.6 | 1,77,205 | 2,21,507 | 2,65,808 | 3,10,110 | 3,54,411 | 3,98,712 | 4,43,014 |
500 | 197 | 16.4 | 1,96,350 | 2,45,437 | 2,94,524 | 3,43,612 | 3,92,699 | 4,41,786 | 4,90,874 |
Bill-of-Material: Rain-water Harvesting System
There are many types of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems: such as Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting (RTRWH) system, Ground Tank Rain Water Harvesting (GTRWH) system. Following table summarizes the items (commonly known as Bill-of-Material or BOM) for construction and commissioning of a typical rainwater system. Rainwater harvesting methods are site specific and hence it is difficult to give a generalised cost. As mentioned on webpage "rainwaterharvesting.org/urban/costs.htm" -the residents of Panchsheel Park Colony in Delhi pooled in Rs 4.5 lakh to harvest approx 170 million litres of water annually. Thus, the unit for cost of RWH can be [INR/kilo-Liter/p.a.] which turned out to be INR 3.75 per kilo-liter per annum.
S. No. | Description of the Item | Unit of Measurement | Quantity Required | Rate [INR/UOM] | Item Cost | Remark |
01 | Plastic Tank: 500 L | Pieces | 4 | 1200/- | 4800/- | 4 tanks to store water |
02 | Plastic Pipes: 4" diameter | meters | 75 | 130/- | 9750/- | Conduits to collect water from roof to tank |
03 | Bricks | Thousands | 2 | 5000/- | 10000/- | For underground Filtration Tank |
04 | Cement | Bags | 10 | 500/- | 5000/- | For underground Filtration Tank |
05 | Sand | ft3 | 500 | 10/- | 5000/- | For underground Filtration Tank |
06 | Sand | ft3 | 200 | 20/- | 4000/- | Water filtration layer - 1 |
07 | Plastic net | m2 | 10 | 50/- | 500/- | Water filtration layer - 2 |
08 | Plastic U-Bend | Pieces | 10 | 50/- | 500/- | For water collection system |
08 | PVC Pipe Bend | Pieces | 10 | 50/- | 500/- | For water collection system |
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